Dachigam National Park Srinagar

Dachigam National Park, Srinagar: The Last Abode of the Royal Hangul! 🦌🏞️🌲🐾

Key Details:

• Location: Approximately 22 kilometers northeast of Srinagar city, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Nestled in the Zabarwan Range of the Western Himalayas.
• Area: Approximately 141 square kilometers. Divided into Upper Dachigam and Lower Dachigam.
• Significance:
  • The primary and most famous habitat of the critically endangered Hangul or Kashmir Stag (a subspecies of Central Asian Red Deer).
  • A vital catchment area for Dal Lake, supplying clean drinking water to Srinagar.
  • Rich biodiversity, including several rare and endemic species.
  • A protected area with significant conservation importance.
• Key Wildlife:
  • Mammals: Hangul (Kashmir Stag), Himalayan Black Bear, Leopard, Musk Deer, Himalayan Brown Bear (in Upper Dachigam), Langur, Yellow-throated Marten, Jungle Cat.
  • Birds: Himalayan Monal, Koklass Pheasant, Golden Oriole, Himalayan Griffon Vulture, Bearded Vulture, Kashmir Flycatcher, Black Bulbul, Himalayan Rubythroat.
• Entry Permits: Mandatory. Permits must be obtained in advance from the Chief Wildlife Warden’s Office in Srinagar or the Wildlife Warden, Central Division, Dachigam.
• Best Time to Visit:
  • For Hangul Sighting (Lower Dachigam): September to March (especially during the rutting season in Oct/Nov or when they come down in winter).
  • For General Flora & Fauna (Lower Dachigam): April to August (pleasant weather, lush greenery).
  • Upper Dachigam (Summer): May to August (for high-altitude fauna and flora; access is limited and requires special permission and fitness).
  • The park is open throughout the year, but accessibility, especially to Upper Dachigam, varies with seasons.

Srinagar’s Wilderness Sanctuary: Dachigam National Park 🌟

Dachigam National Park, meaning “ten villages” (referring to the ten villages relocated for its formation), is a pristine wilderness area nestled in the majestic Zabarwan mountain range near Srinagar. This ecologically vital park is globally renowned as the last viable habitat of the critically endangered Hangul, or Kashmir Stag. Spanning rugged mountainsides, deep valleys, and diverse forests, Dachigam is a sanctuary of breathtaking natural beauty and rich biodiversity. From the elusive Hangul and Himalayan Black Bear to a vibrant array of avian life, the park offers a unique glimpse into the Himalayan ecosystem, making it a crucial site for conservation and a compelling destination for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.

Essential Visitor & Park Information ℹ️

• Address/Location: Dachigam National Park, Near Harwan Mughal Garden, Mulnar Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir – 191202.
• How to Reach:
  • Location 📍: Located about 22 km from Srinagar city.
  • From Srinagar:
    • Taxi/Private Vehicle: The most convenient way to reach the park entrance. The drive takes approximately 1 to 1.5 hours from the city center.
    • Local Buses: Public buses ply up to Harwan, from where one might need to hire local transport or walk to the park gate.
  • Nearest Airport ✈️: Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport, Srinagar (SXR) (approx. 32-35 km).
  • Nearest Railway Station 🚆: Srinagar Railway Station (approx. 30-35 km), or Jammu Tawi Railway Station (JAT) for broader connectivity, followed by a road journey to Srinagar.
• Park Timings:
  • Generally, 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM for permitted day visits.
  • Entry is strictly regulated and depends on the permit.
• Permit Information 📝:
  • Permits are absolutely essential to enter Dachigam National Park.
  • Issuing Authority:
    • Chief Wildlife Warden, J&K Government, near Gandola Point, Gagribal, Srinagar.
    • Wildlife Warden, Central Division, Dachigam National Park, Telbal Road, Near Harwan, Srinagar.
  • Procedure: Apply in advance with valid photo ID. The process might take some time. It’s advisable to apply at least a day or two before your intended visit.
  • Fees: Nominal entry fees for Indian and Foreign nationals, plus fees for cameras (still and video). These are subject to change, so verify at the time of obtaining the permit.
• Contact Authorities:
  • Chief Wildlife Warden’s Office, Srinagar: (Check J&K Wildlife Dept. website for current numbers).
  • Wildlife Warden, Dachigam: (Local contact numbers can be obtained from the Wildlife Dept. office).
• Official Websites:
  • Department of Wildlife Protection J&K: jkwildlife.com (Primary source for official information, permits, rules).
  • J&K Tourism: jktourism.jk.gov.in often lists Dachigam as a place to visit.

The Natural Splendor & Ecological Significance 🌲🏔️💧

• Terrain: The park has a varied topography, ranging from gently sloping grasslands and riverine forests in Lower Dachigam to steep rocky cliffs, alpine meadows, and glaciers in Upper Dachigam. Altitudes range from 5,500 ft to 14,000 ft.
• Flora:
  • Lower Dachigam: Dominated by riverine forests, grasslands, and coniferous trees like pine, fir, deodar, and oak. Wild fruit trees like apple, pear, apricot, and walnut are also found.
  • Upper Dachigam: Features alpine pastures, juniper, and birch forests. Rhododendrons add color during spring and summer.
• Catchment Area: The Dagwan River, which flows through the park, is a vital source of drinking water for Srinagar city, originating from the Marsar Lake in Upper Dachigam. The park plays a crucial role in maintaining this water supply.
• Conservation Focus: The park’s primary conservation objective is the protection of the Hangul and its habitat.

Wildlife of Dachigam: A Himalayan Haven 🦌🐻🐦

• The Hangul (Kashmir Stag – Cervus hanglu hanglu) ⭐:
  • This is the flagship species of Dachigam and the state animal of Jammu & Kashmir. It is a critically endangered subspecies of the Red Deer.
  • Best Sighting: During the rutting season (September-October) in Lower Dachigam when males can be seen with their magnificent antlers, or during winter (November-March) when they congregate in the lower valleys. Sightings require patience and luck.
• Other Mammals:
  • Himalayan Black Bear: More commonly sighted, especially during autumn when they feed on walnuts and acorns in Lower Dachigam.
  • Leopard: Elusive, but present in the park.
  • Himalayan Brown Bear: Found in Upper Dachigam during summer months.
  • Musk Deer: Shy and found in higher reaches.
  • Langur, Yellow-throated Marten, Jungle Cat, Himalayan Weasel, Hill Fox.
• Avifauna (Birds):
  • Over 150 bird species have been recorded.
  • Key Species: Himalayan Monal (State Bird of Himachal Pradesh, also found here), Koklass Pheasant, Golden Oriole, Himalayan Griffon Vulture, Lammergeier (Bearded Vulture), Kashmir Flycatcher, Black Bulbul, Himalayan Rubythroat, Cinnamon Sparrow, Wallcreeper.
  • The Dagwan River also attracts various waterside birds.

Exploring Dachigam: Zones and Experiences 🏞️🚶‍♂️

• Lower Dachigam:
  • More accessible and the primary area for most visitors.
  • Features a motorable road that goes up to a certain point, often near the Wildlife Warden’s office or a trout hatchery.
  • Ideal for Hangul sightings in winter and autumn, and for observing Himalayan Black Bears during autumn.
  • Gentle trails are available for guided walks (as per permit conditions).
• Upper Dachigam:
  • A high-altitude region, significantly more rugged and remote.
  • Access is restricted, requires special permits, and is generally undertaken for research, serious trekking, or wildlife documentation by those with prior approval and fitness.
  • Treks to places like Marsar Lake (the source of the Dagwan River) are challenging and require multiple days.
  • Home to Himalayan Brown Bear and other high-altitude species during summer.
• Wildlife Sighting Tips:
  • Maintain silence.
  • Move slowly and avoid sudden movements.
  • Use binoculars for better viewing.
  • Early mornings and late afternoons are generally better for wildlife activity.
  • Follow the instructions of your guide.

Insider Tips for Your Park Visit 💡

• Obtain Permits Well in Advance: This is crucial and cannot be stressed enough. Do not arrive at the park expecting to get a permit on the spot.
• Hire a Guide (Often Mandatory): A registered guide is usually mandatory and will be assigned at the park entrance or with the permit. They are knowledgeable about the park’s flora, fauna, and trails.
• Wear Appropriate Clothing: Earthy or camouflage colors are best. Dress in layers, as weather can change quickly. Comfortable walking shoes are essential.
• Carry Essentials: Binoculars, camera (with necessary permits and fees paid), water bottle, basic first-aid kit, and any personal medications.
• No Littering: Strictly adhere to park rules. Carry all your litter back with you.
• No Feeding Animals: Feeding wildlife is strictly prohibited.
• Respect Wildlife: Maintain a safe distance from animals and do not disturb them.
• Vehicle Restrictions: Private vehicles may only be allowed up to a certain point. Movement within the park is often on foot or in designated park vehicles (if available and permitted).
• Limited Facilities: Facilities inside the park are minimal to maintain its wilderness character. There are no canteens or shops deep inside.

Why Dachigam National Park is a Wildlife Treasure ❤️🦌

• Home of the Hangul: The most important sanctuary for the critically endangered Kashmir Stag.
• Rich Himalayan Biodiversity: Supports a wide range of Himalayan flora and fauna.
• Scenic Beauty: Offers stunning landscapes, from riverine forests to alpine meadows.
• Vital Ecosystem Services: Protects the catchment area for Srinagar’s water supply.
• Unique Wildlife Experience: Provides an opportunity to experience Himalayan wildlife in a relatively undisturbed setting (with proper permits).

Planning Your Visit to the Home of the Hangul 🗺️

• Best For: Serious wildlife enthusiasts, conservationists, birdwatchers, nature photographers, and those interested in Himalayan ecosystems. It’s not a typical “safari park” for guaranteed sightings but a wilderness area requiring patience.
• What to Expect: A protected natural area with strict entry regulations. Wildlife sightings, especially of the Hangul, are not guaranteed and depend on season, luck, and effort. The experience is about appreciating the pristine environment as much as spotting animals.
• Accommodation: No tourist accommodation is available inside the park. Visitors usually stay in Srinagar and make a day trip. Some government guesthouses might be near the park entrance (e.g., in Telbal/Harwan), but availability is limited and requires prior booking through relevant departments.
• Time to Allot: A half-day to a full day for a visit to Lower Dachigam. Visits to Upper Dachigam require multi-day treks and special permissions.